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-/**
- * Javascript implementation of Abstract Syntax Notation Number One.
- *
- * @author Dave Longley
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2014 Digital Bazaar, Inc.
- *
- * An API for storing data using the Abstract Syntax Notation Number One
- * format using DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules) encoding. This encoding is
- * commonly used to store data for PKI, i.e. X.509 Certificates, and this
- * implementation exists for that purpose.
- *
- * Abstract Syntax Notation Number One (ASN.1) is used to define the abstract
- * syntax of information without restricting the way the information is encoded
- * for transmission. It provides a standard that allows for open systems
- * communication. ASN.1 defines the syntax of information data and a number of
- * simple data types as well as a notation for describing them and specifying
- * values for them.
- *
- * The RSA algorithm creates public and private keys that are often stored in
- * X.509 or PKCS#X formats -- which use ASN.1 (encoded in DER format). This
- * class provides the most basic functionality required to store and load DSA
- * keys that are encoded according to ASN.1.
- *
- * The most common binary encodings for ASN.1 are BER (Basic Encoding Rules)
- * and DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules). DER is just a subset of BER that
- * has stricter requirements for how data must be encoded.
- *
- * Each ASN.1 structure has a tag (a byte identifying the ASN.1 structure type)
- * and a byte array for the value of this ASN1 structure which may be data or a
- * list of ASN.1 structures.
- *
- * Each ASN.1 structure using BER is (Tag-Length-Value):
- *
- * | byte 0 | bytes X | bytes Y |
- * |--------|---------|----------
- * |  tag   | length  |  value  |
- *
- * ASN.1 allows for tags to be of "High-tag-number form" which allows a tag to
- * be two or more octets, but that is not supported by this class. A tag is
- * only 1 byte. Bits 1-5 give the tag number (ie the data type within a
- * particular 'class'), 6 indicates whether or not the ASN.1 value is
- * constructed from other ASN.1 values, and bits 7 and 8 give the 'class'. If
- * bits 7 and 8 are both zero, the class is UNIVERSAL. If only bit 7 is set,
- * then the class is APPLICATION. If only bit 8 is set, then the class is
- * CONTEXT_SPECIFIC. If both bits 7 and 8 are set, then the class is PRIVATE.
- * The tag numbers for the data types for the class UNIVERSAL are listed below:
- *
- * UNIVERSAL 0 Reserved for use by the encoding rules
- * UNIVERSAL 1 Boolean type
- * UNIVERSAL 2 Integer type
- * UNIVERSAL 3 Bitstring type
- * UNIVERSAL 4 Octetstring type
- * UNIVERSAL 5 Null type
- * UNIVERSAL 6 Object identifier type
- * UNIVERSAL 7 Object descriptor type
- * UNIVERSAL 8 External type and Instance-of type
- * UNIVERSAL 9 Real type
- * UNIVERSAL 10 Enumerated type
- * UNIVERSAL 11 Embedded-pdv type
- * UNIVERSAL 12 UTF8String type
- * UNIVERSAL 13 Relative object identifier type
- * UNIVERSAL 14-15 Reserved for future editions
- * UNIVERSAL 16 Sequence and Sequence-of types
- * UNIVERSAL 17 Set and Set-of types
- * UNIVERSAL 18-22, 25-30 Character string types
- * UNIVERSAL 23-24 Time types
- *
- * The length of an ASN.1 structure is specified after the tag identifier.
- * There is a definite form and an indefinite form. The indefinite form may
- * be used if the encoding is constructed and not all immediately available.
- * The indefinite form is encoded using a length byte with only the 8th bit
- * set. The end of the constructed object is marked using end-of-contents
- * octets (two zero bytes).
- *
- * The definite form looks like this:
- *
- * The length may take up 1 or more bytes, it depends on the length of the
- * value of the ASN.1 structure. DER encoding requires that if the ASN.1
- * structure has a value that has a length greater than 127, more than 1 byte
- * will be used to store its length, otherwise just one byte will be used.
- * This is strict.
- *
- * In the case that the length of the ASN.1 value is less than 127, 1 octet
- * (byte) is used to store the "short form" length. The 8th bit has a value of
- * 0 indicating the length is "short form" and not "long form" and bits 7-1
- * give the length of the data. (The 8th bit is the left-most, most significant
- * bit: also known as big endian or network format).
- *
- * In the case that the length of the ASN.1 value is greater than 127, 2 to
- * 127 octets (bytes) are used to store the "long form" length. The first
- * byte's 8th bit is set to 1 to indicate the length is "long form." Bits 7-1
- * give the number of additional octets. All following octets are in base 256
- * with the most significant digit first (typical big-endian binary unsigned
- * integer storage). So, for instance, if the length of a value was 257, the
- * first byte would be set to:
- *
- * 10000010 = 130 = 0x82.
- *
- * This indicates there are 2 octets (base 256) for the length. The second and
- * third bytes (the octets just mentioned) would store the length in base 256:
- *
- * octet 2: 00000001 = 1 * 256^1 = 256
- * octet 3: 00000001 = 1 * 256^0 = 1
- * total = 257
- *
- * The algorithm for converting a js integer value of 257 to base-256 is:
- *
- * var value = 257;
- * var bytes = [];
- * bytes[0] = (value >>> 8) & 0xFF; // most significant byte first
- * bytes[1] = value & 0xFF;        // least significant byte last
- *
- * On the ASN.1 UNIVERSAL Object Identifier (OID) type:
- *
- * An OID can be written like: "value1.value2.value3...valueN"
- *
- * The DER encoding rules:
- *
- * The first byte has the value 40 * value1 + value2.
- * The following bytes, if any, encode the remaining values. Each value is
- * encoded in base 128, most significant digit first (big endian), with as
- * few digits as possible, and the most significant bit of each byte set
- * to 1 except the last in each value's encoding. For example: Given the
- * OID "1.2.840.113549", its DER encoding is (remember each byte except the
- * last one in each encoding is OR'd with 0x80):
- *
- * byte 1: 40 * 1 + 2 = 42 = 0x2A.
- * bytes 2-3: 128 * 6 + 72 = 840 = 6 72 = 6 72 = 0x0648 = 0x8648
- * bytes 4-6: 16384 * 6 + 128 * 119 + 13 = 6 119 13 = 0x06770D = 0x86F70D
- *
- * The final value is: 0x2A864886F70D.
- * The full OID (including ASN.1 tag and length of 6 bytes) is:
- * 0x06062A864886F70D
- */
-(function() {
-/* ########## Begin module implementation ########## */
-function initModule(forge) {
-
-/* ASN.1 API */
-var asn1 = forge.asn1 = forge.asn1 || {};
-
-/**
- * ASN.1 classes.
- */
-asn1.Class = {
-  UNIVERSAL:        0x00,
-  APPLICATION:      0x40,
-  CONTEXT_SPECIFIC: 0x80,
-  PRIVATE:          0xC0
-};
-
-/**
- * ASN.1 types. Not all types are supported by this implementation, only
- * those necessary to implement a simple PKI are implemented.
- */
-asn1.Type = {
-  NONE:             0,
-  BOOLEAN:          1,
-  INTEGER:          2,
-  BITSTRING:        3,
-  OCTETSTRING:      4,
-  NULL:             5,
-  OID:              6,
-  ODESC:            7,
-  EXTERNAL:         8,
-  REAL:             9,
-  ENUMERATED:      10,
-  EMBEDDED:        11,
-  UTF8:            12,
-  ROID:            13,
-  SEQUENCE:        16,
-  SET:             17,
-  PRINTABLESTRING: 19,
-  IA5STRING:       22,
-  UTCTIME:         23,
-  GENERALIZEDTIME: 24,
-  BMPSTRING:       30
-};
-
-/**
- * Creates a new asn1 object.
- *
- * @param tagClass the tag class for the object.
- * @param type the data type (tag number) for the object.
- * @param constructed true if the asn1 object is in constructed form.
- * @param value the value for the object, if it is not constructed.
- *
- * @return the asn1 object.
- */
-asn1.create = function(tagClass, type, constructed, value) {
-  /* An asn1 object has a tagClass, a type, a constructed flag, and a
-    value. The value's type depends on the constructed flag. If
-    constructed, it will contain a list of other asn1 objects. If not,
-    it will contain the ASN.1 value as an array of bytes formatted
-    according to the ASN.1 data type. */
-
-  // remove undefined values
-  if(forge.util.isArray(value)) {
-    var tmp = [];
-    for(var i = 0; i < value.length; ++i) {
-      if(value[i] !== undefined) {
-        tmp.push(value[i]);
-      }
-    }
-    value = tmp;
-  }
-
-  return {
-    tagClass: tagClass,
-    type: type,
-    constructed: constructed,
-    composed: constructed || forge.util.isArray(value),
-    value: value
-  };
-};
-
-/**
- * Gets the length of an ASN.1 value.
- *
- * In case the length is not specified, undefined is returned.
- *
- * @param b the ASN.1 byte buffer.
- *
- * @return the length of the ASN.1 value.
- */
-var _getValueLength = function(b) {
-  var b2 = b.getByte();
-  if(b2 === 0x80) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  // see if the length is "short form" or "long form" (bit 8 set)
-  var length;
-  var longForm = b2 & 0x80;
-  if(!longForm) {
-    // length is just the first byte
-    length = b2;
-  } else {
-    // the number of bytes the length is specified in bits 7 through 1
-    // and each length byte is in big-endian base-256
-    length = b.getInt((b2 & 0x7F) << 3);
-  }
-  return length;
-};
-
-/**
- * Parses an asn1 object from a byte buffer in DER format.
- *
- * @param bytes the byte buffer to parse from.
- * @param strict true to be strict when checking value lengths, false to
- *          allow truncated values (default: true).
- *
- * @return the parsed asn1 object.
- */
-asn1.fromDer = function(bytes, strict) {
-  if(strict === undefined) {
-    strict = true;
-  }
-
-  // wrap in buffer if needed
-  if(typeof bytes === 'string') {
-    bytes = forge.util.createBuffer(bytes);
-  }
-
-  // minimum length for ASN.1 DER structure is 2
-  if(bytes.length() < 2) {
-    var error = new Error('Too few bytes to parse DER.');
-    error.bytes = bytes.length();
-    throw error;
-  }
-
-  // get the first byte
-  var b1 = bytes.getByte();
-
-  // get the tag class
-  var tagClass = (b1 & 0xC0);
-
-  // get the type (bits 1-5)
-  var type = b1 & 0x1F;
-
-  // get the value length
-  var length = _getValueLength(bytes);
-
-  // ensure there are enough bytes to get the value
-  if(bytes.length() < length) {
-    if(strict) {
-      var error = new Error('Too few bytes to read ASN.1 value.');
-      error.detail = bytes.length() + ' < ' + length;
-      throw error;
-    }
-    // Note: be lenient with truncated values
-    length = bytes.length();
-  }
-
-  // prepare to get value
-  var value;
-
-  // constructed flag is bit 6 (32 = 0x20) of the first byte
-  var constructed = ((b1 & 0x20) === 0x20);
-
-  // determine if the value is composed of other ASN.1 objects (if its
-  // constructed it will be and if its a BITSTRING it may be)
-  var composed = constructed;
-  if(!composed && tagClass === asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL &&
-    type === asn1.Type.BITSTRING && length > 1) {
-    /* The first octet gives the number of bits by which the length of the
-      bit string is less than the next multiple of eight (this is called
-      the "number of unused bits").
-
-      The second and following octets give the value of the bit string
-      converted to an octet string. */
-    // if there are no unused bits, maybe the bitstring holds ASN.1 objs
-    var read = bytes.read;
-    var unused = bytes.getByte();
-    if(unused === 0) {
-      // if the first byte indicates UNIVERSAL or CONTEXT_SPECIFIC,
-      // and the length is valid, assume we've got an ASN.1 object
-      b1 = bytes.getByte();
-      var tc = (b1 & 0xC0);
-      if(tc === asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL || tc === asn1.Class.CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) {
-        try {
-          var len = _getValueLength(bytes);
-          composed = (len === length - (bytes.read - read));
-          if(composed) {
-            // adjust read/length to account for unused bits byte
-            ++read;
-            --length;
-          }
-        } catch(ex) {}
-      }
-    }
-    // restore read pointer
-    bytes.read = read;
-  }
-
-  if(composed) {
-    // parse child asn1 objects from the value
-    value = [];
-    if(length === undefined) {
-      // asn1 object of indefinite length, read until end tag
-      for(;;) {
-        if(bytes.bytes(2) === String.fromCharCode(0, 0)) {
-          bytes.getBytes(2);
-          break;
-        }
-        value.push(asn1.fromDer(bytes, strict));
-      }
-    } else {
-      // parsing asn1 object of definite length
-      var start = bytes.length();
-      while(length > 0) {
-        value.push(asn1.fromDer(bytes, strict));
-        length -= start - bytes.length();
-        start = bytes.length();
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    // asn1 not composed, get raw value
-    // TODO: do DER to OID conversion and vice-versa in .toDer?
-
-    if(length === undefined) {
-      if(strict) {
-        throw new Error('Non-constructed ASN.1 object of indefinite length.');
-      }
-      // be lenient and use remaining bytes
-      length = bytes.length();
-    }
-
-    if(type === asn1.Type.BMPSTRING) {
-      value = '';
-      for(var i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
-        value += String.fromCharCode(bytes.getInt16());
-      }
-    } else {
-      value = bytes.getBytes(length);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // create and return asn1 object
-  return asn1.create(tagClass, type, constructed, value);
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts the given asn1 object to a buffer of bytes in DER format.
- *
- * @param asn1 the asn1 object to convert to bytes.
- *
- * @return the buffer of bytes.
- */
-asn1.toDer = function(obj) {
-  var bytes = forge.util.createBuffer();
-
-  // build the first byte
-  var b1 = obj.tagClass | obj.type;
-
-  // for storing the ASN.1 value
-  var value = forge.util.createBuffer();
-
-  // if composed, use each child asn1 object's DER bytes as value
-  if(obj.composed) {
-    // turn on 6th bit (0x20 = 32) to indicate asn1 is constructed
-    // from other asn1 objects
-    if(obj.constructed) {
-      b1 |= 0x20;
-    } else {
-      // type is a bit string, add unused bits of 0x00
-      value.putByte(0x00);
-    }
-
-    // add all of the child DER bytes together
-    for(var i = 0; i < obj.value.length; ++i) {
-      if(obj.value[i] !== undefined) {
-        value.putBuffer(asn1.toDer(obj.value[i]));
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    // use asn1.value directly
-    if(obj.type === asn1.Type.BMPSTRING) {
-      for(var i = 0; i < obj.value.length; ++i) {
-        value.putInt16(obj.value.charCodeAt(i));
-      }
-    } else {
-      value.putBytes(obj.value);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // add tag byte
-  bytes.putByte(b1);
-
-  // use "short form" encoding
-  if(value.length() <= 127) {
-    // one byte describes the length
-    // bit 8 = 0 and bits 7-1 = length
-    bytes.putByte(value.length() & 0x7F);
-  } else {
-    // use "long form" encoding
-    // 2 to 127 bytes describe the length
-    // first byte: bit 8 = 1 and bits 7-1 = # of additional bytes
-    // other bytes: length in base 256, big-endian
-    var len = value.length();
-    var lenBytes = '';
-    do {
-      lenBytes += String.fromCharCode(len & 0xFF);
-      len = len >>> 8;
-    } while(len > 0);
-
-    // set first byte to # bytes used to store the length and turn on
-    // bit 8 to indicate long-form length is used
-    bytes.putByte(lenBytes.length | 0x80);
-
-    // concatenate length bytes in reverse since they were generated
-    // little endian and we need big endian
-    for(var i = lenBytes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-      bytes.putByte(lenBytes.charCodeAt(i));
-    }
-  }
-
-  // concatenate value bytes
-  bytes.putBuffer(value);
-  return bytes;
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts an OID dot-separated string to a byte buffer. The byte buffer
- * contains only the DER-encoded value, not any tag or length bytes.
- *
- * @param oid the OID dot-separated string.
- *
- * @return the byte buffer.
- */
-asn1.oidToDer = function(oid) {
-  // split OID into individual values
-  var values = oid.split('.');
-  var bytes = forge.util.createBuffer();
-
-  // first byte is 40 * value1 + value2
-  bytes.putByte(40 * parseInt(values[0], 10) + parseInt(values[1], 10));
-  // other bytes are each value in base 128 with 8th bit set except for
-  // the last byte for each value
-  var last, valueBytes, value, b;
-  for(var i = 2; i < values.length; ++i) {
-    // produce value bytes in reverse because we don't know how many
-    // bytes it will take to store the value
-    last = true;
-    valueBytes = [];
-    value = parseInt(values[i], 10);
-    do {
-      b = value & 0x7F;
-      value = value >>> 7;
-      // if value is not last, then turn on 8th bit
-      if(!last) {
-        b |= 0x80;
-      }
-      valueBytes.push(b);
-      last = false;
-    } while(value > 0);
-
-    // add value bytes in reverse (needs to be in big endian)
-    for(var n = valueBytes.length - 1; n >= 0; --n) {
-      bytes.putByte(valueBytes[n]);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return bytes;
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts a DER-encoded byte buffer to an OID dot-separated string. The
- * byte buffer should contain only the DER-encoded value, not any tag or
- * length bytes.
- *
- * @param bytes the byte buffer.
- *
- * @return the OID dot-separated string.
- */
-asn1.derToOid = function(bytes) {
-  var oid;
-
-  // wrap in buffer if needed
-  if(typeof bytes === 'string') {
-    bytes = forge.util.createBuffer(bytes);
-  }
-
-  // first byte is 40 * value1 + value2
-  var b = bytes.getByte();
-  oid = Math.floor(b / 40) + '.' + (b % 40);
-
-  // other bytes are each value in base 128 with 8th bit set except for
-  // the last byte for each value
-  var value = 0;
-  while(bytes.length() > 0) {
-    b = bytes.getByte();
-    value = value << 7;
-    // not the last byte for the value
-    if(b & 0x80) {
-      value += b & 0x7F;
-    } else {
-      // last byte
-      oid += '.' + (value + b);
-      value = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return oid;
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts a UTCTime value to a date.
- *
- * Note: GeneralizedTime has 4 digits for the year and is used for X.509
- * dates passed 2049. Parsing that structure hasn't been implemented yet.
- *
- * @param utc the UTCTime value to convert.
- *
- * @return the date.
- */
-asn1.utcTimeToDate = function(utc) {
-  /* The following formats can be used:
-
-    YYMMDDhhmmZ
-    YYMMDDhhmm+hh'mm'
-    YYMMDDhhmm-hh'mm'
-    YYMMDDhhmmssZ
-    YYMMDDhhmmss+hh'mm'
-    YYMMDDhhmmss-hh'mm'
-
-    Where:
-
-    YY is the least significant two digits of the year
-    MM is the month (01 to 12)
-    DD is the day (01 to 31)
-    hh is the hour (00 to 23)
-    mm are the minutes (00 to 59)
-    ss are the seconds (00 to 59)
-    Z indicates that local time is GMT, + indicates that local time is
-    later than GMT, and - indicates that local time is earlier than GMT
-    hh' is the absolute value of the offset from GMT in hours
-    mm' is the absolute value of the offset from GMT in minutes */
-  var date = new Date();
-
-  // if YY >= 50 use 19xx, if YY < 50 use 20xx
-  var year = parseInt(utc.substr(0, 2), 10);
-  year = (year >= 50) ? 1900 + year : 2000 + year;
-  var MM = parseInt(utc.substr(2, 2), 10) - 1; // use 0-11 for month
-  var DD = parseInt(utc.substr(4, 2), 10);
-  var hh = parseInt(utc.substr(6, 2), 10);
-  var mm = parseInt(utc.substr(8, 2), 10);
-  var ss = 0;
-
-  // not just YYMMDDhhmmZ
-  if(utc.length > 11) {
-    // get character after minutes
-    var c = utc.charAt(10);
-    var end = 10;
-
-    // see if seconds are present
-    if(c !== '+' && c !== '-') {
-      // get seconds
-      ss = parseInt(utc.substr(10, 2), 10);
-      end += 2;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // update date
-  date.setUTCFullYear(year, MM, DD);
-  date.setUTCHours(hh, mm, ss, 0);
-
-  if(end) {
-    // get +/- after end of time
-    c = utc.charAt(end);
-    if(c === '+' || c === '-') {
-      // get hours+minutes offset
-      var hhoffset = parseInt(utc.substr(end + 1, 2), 10);
-      var mmoffset = parseInt(utc.substr(end + 4, 2), 10);
-
-      // calculate offset in milliseconds
-      var offset = hhoffset * 60 + mmoffset;
-      offset *= 60000;
-
-      // apply offset
-      if(c === '+') {
-        date.setTime(+date - offset);
-      } else {
-        date.setTime(+date + offset);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return date;
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts a GeneralizedTime value to a date.
- *
- * @param gentime the GeneralizedTime value to convert.
- *
- * @return the date.
- */
-asn1.generalizedTimeToDate = function(gentime) {
-  /* The following formats can be used:
-
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.fff
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.fffZ
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSS+hh'mm'
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.fff+hh'mm'
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSS-hh'mm'
-    YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.fff-hh'mm'
-
-    Where:
-
-    YYYY is the year
-    MM is the month (01 to 12)
-    DD is the day (01 to 31)
-    hh is the hour (00 to 23)
-    mm are the minutes (00 to 59)
-    ss are the seconds (00 to 59)
-    .fff is the second fraction, accurate to three decimal places
-    Z indicates that local time is GMT, + indicates that local time is
-    later than GMT, and - indicates that local time is earlier than GMT
-    hh' is the absolute value of the offset from GMT in hours
-    mm' is the absolute value of the offset from GMT in minutes */
-  var date = new Date();
-
-  var YYYY = parseInt(gentime.substr(0, 4), 10);
-  var MM = parseInt(gentime.substr(4, 2), 10) - 1; // use 0-11 for month
-  var DD = parseInt(gentime.substr(6, 2), 10);
-  var hh = parseInt(gentime.substr(8, 2), 10);
-  var mm = parseInt(gentime.substr(10, 2), 10);
-  var ss = parseInt(gentime.substr(12, 2), 10);
-  var fff = 0;
-  var offset = 0;
-  var isUTC = false;
-
-  if(gentime.charAt(gentime.length - 1) === 'Z') {
-    isUTC = true;
-  }
-
-  var end = gentime.length - 5, c = gentime.charAt(end);
-  if(c === '+' || c === '-') {
-    // get hours+minutes offset
-    var hhoffset = parseInt(gentime.substr(end + 1, 2), 10);
-    var mmoffset = parseInt(gentime.substr(end + 4, 2), 10);
-
-    // calculate offset in milliseconds
-    offset = hhoffset * 60 + mmoffset;
-    offset *= 60000;
-
-    // apply offset
-    if(c === '+') {
-      offset *= -1;
-    }
-
-    isUTC = true;
-  }
-
-  // check for second fraction
-  if(gentime.charAt(14) === '.') {
-    fff = parseFloat(gentime.substr(14), 10) * 1000;
-  }
-
-  if(isUTC) {
-    date.setUTCFullYear(YYYY, MM, DD);
-    date.setUTCHours(hh, mm, ss, fff);
-
-    // apply offset
-    date.setTime(+date + offset);
-  } else {
-    date.setFullYear(YYYY, MM, DD);
-    date.setHours(hh, mm, ss, fff);
-  }
-
-  return date;
-};
-
-
-/**
- * Converts a date to a UTCTime value.
- *
- * Note: GeneralizedTime has 4 digits for the year and is used for X.509
- * dates passed 2049. Converting to a GeneralizedTime hasn't been
- * implemented yet.
- *
- * @param date the date to convert.
- *
- * @return the UTCTime value.
- */
-asn1.dateToUtcTime = function(date) {
-  var rval = '';
-
-  // create format YYMMDDhhmmssZ
-  var format = [];
-  format.push(('' + date.getUTCFullYear()).substr(2));
-  format.push('' + (date.getUTCMonth() + 1));
-  format.push('' + date.getUTCDate());
-  format.push('' + date.getUTCHours());
-  format.push('' + date.getUTCMinutes());
-  format.push('' + date.getUTCSeconds());
-
-  // ensure 2 digits are used for each format entry
-  for(var i = 0; i < format.length; ++i) {
-    if(format[i].length < 2) {
-      rval += '0';
-    }
-    rval += format[i];
-  }
-  rval += 'Z';
-
-  return rval;
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts a javascript integer to a DER-encoded byte buffer to be used
- * as the value for an INTEGER type.
- *
- * @param x the integer.
- *
- * @return the byte buffer.
- */
-asn1.integerToDer = function(x) {
-  var rval = forge.util.createBuffer();
-  if(x >= -0x80 && x < 0x80) {
-    return rval.putSignedInt(x, 8);
-  }
-  if(x >= -0x8000 && x < 0x8000) {
-    return rval.putSignedInt(x, 16);
-  }
-  if(x >= -0x800000 && x < 0x800000) {
-    return rval.putSignedInt(x, 24);
-  }
-  if(x >= -0x80000000 && x < 0x80000000) {
-    return rval.putSignedInt(x, 32);
-  }
-  var error = new Error('Integer too large; max is 32-bits.');
-  error.integer = x;
-  throw error;
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts a DER-encoded byte buffer to a javascript integer. This is
- * typically used to decode the value of an INTEGER type.
- *
- * @param bytes the byte buffer.
- *
- * @return the integer.
- */
-asn1.derToInteger = function(bytes) {
-  // wrap in buffer if needed
-  if(typeof bytes === 'string') {
-    bytes = forge.util.createBuffer(bytes);
-  }
-
-  var n = bytes.length() * 8;
-  if(n > 32) {
-    throw new Error('Integer too large; max is 32-bits.');
-  }
-  return bytes.getSignedInt(n);
-};
-
-/**
- * Validates the that given ASN.1 object is at least a super set of the
- * given ASN.1 structure. Only tag classes and types are checked. An
- * optional map may also be provided to capture ASN.1 values while the
- * structure is checked.
- *
- * To capture an ASN.1 value, set an object in the validator's 'capture'
- * parameter to the key to use in the capture map. To capture the full
- * ASN.1 object, specify 'captureAsn1'.
- *
- * Objects in the validator may set a field 'optional' to true to indicate
- * that it isn't necessary to pass validation.
- *
- * @param obj the ASN.1 object to validate.
- * @param v the ASN.1 structure validator.
- * @param capture an optional map to capture values in.
- * @param errors an optional array for storing validation errors.
- *
- * @return true on success, false on failure.
- */
-asn1.validate = function(obj, v, capture, errors) {
-  var rval = false;
-
-  // ensure tag class and type are the same if specified
-  if((obj.tagClass === v.tagClass || typeof(v.tagClass) === 'undefined') &&
-    (obj.type === v.type || typeof(v.type) === 'undefined')) {
-    // ensure constructed flag is the same if specified
-    if(obj.constructed === v.constructed ||
-      typeof(v.constructed) === 'undefined') {
-      rval = true;
-
-      // handle sub values
-      if(v.value && forge.util.isArray(v.value)) {
-        var j = 0;
-        for(var i = 0; rval && i < v.value.length; ++i) {
-          rval = v.value[i].optional || false;
-          if(obj.value[j]) {
-            rval = asn1.validate(obj.value[j], v.value[i], capture, errors);
-            if(rval) {
-              ++j;
-            } else if(v.value[i].optional) {
-              rval = true;
-            }
-          }
-          if(!rval && errors) {
-            errors.push(
-              '[' + v.name + '] ' +
-              'Tag class "' + v.tagClass + '", type "' +
-              v.type + '" expected value length "' +
-              v.value.length + '", got "' +
-              obj.value.length + '"');
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if(rval && capture) {
-        if(v.capture) {
-          capture[v.capture] = obj.value;
-        }
-        if(v.captureAsn1) {
-          capture[v.captureAsn1] = obj;
-        }
-      }
-    } else if(errors) {
-      errors.push(
-        '[' + v.name + '] ' +
-        'Expected constructed "' + v.constructed + '", got "' +
-        obj.constructed + '"');
-    }
-  } else if(errors) {
-    if(obj.tagClass !== v.tagClass) {
-      errors.push(
-        '[' + v.name + '] ' +
-        'Expected tag class "' + v.tagClass + '", got "' +
-        obj.tagClass + '"');
-    }
-    if(obj.type !== v.type) {
-      errors.push(
-        '[' + v.name + '] ' +
-        'Expected type "' + v.type + '", got "' + obj.type + '"');
-    }
-  }
-  return rval;
-};
-
-// regex for testing for non-latin characters
-var _nonLatinRegex = /[^\\u0000-\\u00ff]/;
-
-/**
- * Pretty prints an ASN.1 object to a string.
- *
- * @param obj the object to write out.
- * @param level the level in the tree.
- * @param indentation the indentation to use.
- *
- * @return the string.
- */
-asn1.prettyPrint = function(obj, level, indentation) {
-  var rval = '';
-
-  // set default level and indentation
-  level = level || 0;
-  indentation = indentation || 2;
-
-  // start new line for deep levels
-  if(level > 0) {
-    rval += '\n';
-  }
-
-  // create indent
-  var indent = '';
-  for(var i = 0; i < level * indentation; ++i) {
-    indent += ' ';
-  }
-
-  // print class:type
-  rval += indent + 'Tag: ';
-  switch(obj.tagClass) {
-  case asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL:
-    rval += 'Universal:';
-    break;
-  case asn1.Class.APPLICATION:
-    rval += 'Application:';
-    break;
-  case asn1.Class.CONTEXT_SPECIFIC:
-    rval += 'Context-Specific:';
-    break;
-  case asn1.Class.PRIVATE:
-    rval += 'Private:';
-    break;
-  }
-
-  if(obj.tagClass === asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL) {
-    rval += obj.type;
-
-    // known types
-    switch(obj.type) {
-    case asn1.Type.NONE:
-      rval += ' (None)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.BOOLEAN:
-      rval += ' (Boolean)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.BITSTRING:
-      rval += ' (Bit string)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.INTEGER:
-      rval += ' (Integer)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.OCTETSTRING:
-      rval += ' (Octet string)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.NULL:
-      rval += ' (Null)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.OID:
-      rval += ' (Object Identifier)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.ODESC:
-      rval += ' (Object Descriptor)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.EXTERNAL:
-      rval += ' (External or Instance of)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.REAL:
-      rval += ' (Real)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.ENUMERATED:
-      rval += ' (Enumerated)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.EMBEDDED:
-      rval += ' (Embedded PDV)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.UTF8:
-      rval += ' (UTF8)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.ROID:
-      rval += ' (Relative Object Identifier)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.SEQUENCE:
-      rval += ' (Sequence)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.SET:
-      rval += ' (Set)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.PRINTABLESTRING:
-      rval += ' (Printable String)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.IA5String:
-      rval += ' (IA5String (ASCII))';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.UTCTIME:
-      rval += ' (UTC time)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.GENERALIZEDTIME:
-      rval += ' (Generalized time)';
-      break;
-    case asn1.Type.BMPSTRING:
-      rval += ' (BMP String)';
-      break;
-    }
-  } else {
-    rval += obj.type;
-  }
-
-  rval += '\n';
-  rval += indent + 'Constructed: ' + obj.constructed + '\n';
-
-  if(obj.composed) {
-    var subvalues = 0;
-    var sub = '';
-    for(var i = 0; i < obj.value.length; ++i) {
-      if(obj.value[i] !== undefined) {
-        subvalues += 1;
-        sub += asn1.prettyPrint(obj.value[i], level + 1, indentation);
-        if((i + 1) < obj.value.length) {
-          sub += ',';
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    rval += indent + 'Sub values: ' + subvalues + sub;
-  } else {
-    rval += indent + 'Value: ';
-    if(obj.type === asn1.Type.OID) {
-      var oid = asn1.derToOid(obj.value);
-      rval += oid;
-      if(forge.pki && forge.pki.oids) {
-        if(oid in forge.pki.oids) {
-          rval += ' (' + forge.pki.oids[oid] + ') ';
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if(obj.type === asn1.Type.INTEGER) {
-      try {
-        rval += asn1.derToInteger(obj.value);
-      } catch(ex) {
-        rval += '0x' + forge.util.bytesToHex(obj.value);
-      }
-    } else if(obj.type === asn1.Type.OCTETSTRING) {
-      if(!_nonLatinRegex.test(obj.value)) {
-        rval += '(' + obj.value + ') ';
-      }
-      rval += '0x' + forge.util.bytesToHex(obj.value);
-    } else if(obj.type === asn1.Type.UTF8) {
-      rval += forge.util.decodeUtf8(obj.value);
-    } else if(obj.type === asn1.Type.PRINTABLESTRING ||
-      obj.type === asn1.Type.IA5String) {
-      rval += obj.value;
-    } else if(_nonLatinRegex.test(obj.value)) {
-      rval += '0x' + forge.util.bytesToHex(obj.value);
-    } else if(obj.value.length === 0) {
-      rval += '[null]';
-    } else {
-      rval += obj.value;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rval;
-};
-
-} // end module implementation
-
-/* ########## Begin module wrapper ########## */
-var name = 'asn1';
-if(typeof define !== 'function') {
-  // NodeJS -> AMD
-  if(typeof module === 'object' && module.exports) {
-    var nodeJS = true;
-    define = function(ids, factory) {
-      factory(require, module);
-    };
-  } else {
-    // <script>
-    if(typeof forge === 'undefined') {
-      forge = {};
-    }
-    return initModule(forge);
-  }
-}
-// AMD
-var deps;
-var defineFunc = function(require, module) {
-  module.exports = function(forge) {
-    var mods = deps.map(function(dep) {
-      return require(dep);
-    }).concat(initModule);
-    // handle circular dependencies
-    forge = forge || {};
-    forge.defined = forge.defined || {};
-    if(forge.defined[name]) {
-      return forge[name];
-    }
-    forge.defined[name] = true;
-    for(var i = 0; i < mods.length; ++i) {
-      mods[i](forge);
-    }
-    return forge[name];
-  };
-};
-var tmpDefine = define;
-define = function(ids, factory) {
-  deps = (typeof ids === 'string') ? factory.slice(2) : ids.slice(2);
-  if(nodeJS) {
-    delete define;
-    return tmpDefine.apply(null, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0));
-  }
-  define = tmpDefine;
-  return define.apply(null, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0));
-};
-define(['require', 'module', './util', './oids'], function() {
-  defineFunc.apply(null, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0));
-});
-})();