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diff --git a/school/node_modules/graphql/utilities/extendSchema.js.flow b/school/node_modules/graphql/utilities/extendSchema.js.flow
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+++ b/school/node_modules/graphql/utilities/extendSchema.js.flow
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+// @flow strict
+import objectValues from '../polyfills/objectValues';
+
+import keyMap from '../jsutils/keyMap';
+import inspect from '../jsutils/inspect';
+import mapValue from '../jsutils/mapValue';
+import invariant from '../jsutils/invariant';
+import devAssert from '../jsutils/devAssert';
+
+import type { DirectiveLocationEnum } from '../language/directiveLocation';
+import type {
+  Location,
+  DocumentNode,
+  StringValueNode,
+  TypeNode,
+  NamedTypeNode,
+  SchemaDefinitionNode,
+  SchemaExtensionNode,
+  TypeDefinitionNode,
+  InterfaceTypeDefinitionNode,
+  InterfaceTypeExtensionNode,
+  ObjectTypeDefinitionNode,
+  ObjectTypeExtensionNode,
+  UnionTypeDefinitionNode,
+  UnionTypeExtensionNode,
+  FieldDefinitionNode,
+  InputObjectTypeDefinitionNode,
+  InputObjectTypeExtensionNode,
+  InputValueDefinitionNode,
+  EnumTypeDefinitionNode,
+  EnumTypeExtensionNode,
+  EnumValueDefinitionNode,
+  DirectiveDefinitionNode,
+  ScalarTypeDefinitionNode,
+  ScalarTypeExtensionNode,
+} from '../language/ast';
+import { Kind } from '../language/kinds';
+import { TokenKind } from '../language/tokenKind';
+import { dedentBlockStringValue } from '../language/blockString';
+import {
+  isTypeDefinitionNode,
+  isTypeExtensionNode,
+} from '../language/predicates';
+
+import { assertValidSDLExtension } from '../validation/validate';
+
+import { getDirectiveValues } from '../execution/values';
+
+import type {
+  GraphQLSchemaValidationOptions,
+  GraphQLSchemaNormalizedConfig,
+} from '../type/schema';
+import type {
+  GraphQLType,
+  GraphQLNamedType,
+  GraphQLFieldConfig,
+  GraphQLFieldConfigMap,
+  GraphQLArgumentConfig,
+  GraphQLFieldConfigArgumentMap,
+  GraphQLEnumValueConfigMap,
+  GraphQLInputFieldConfigMap,
+} from '../type/definition';
+import { assertSchema, GraphQLSchema } from '../type/schema';
+import { specifiedScalarTypes, isSpecifiedScalarType } from '../type/scalars';
+import { introspectionTypes, isIntrospectionType } from '../type/introspection';
+import {
+  GraphQLDirective,
+  GraphQLDeprecatedDirective,
+  GraphQLSpecifiedByDirective,
+} from '../type/directives';
+import {
+  isScalarType,
+  isObjectType,
+  isInterfaceType,
+  isUnionType,
+  isListType,
+  isNonNullType,
+  isEnumType,
+  isInputObjectType,
+  GraphQLList,
+  GraphQLNonNull,
+  GraphQLScalarType,
+  GraphQLObjectType,
+  GraphQLInterfaceType,
+  GraphQLUnionType,
+  GraphQLEnumType,
+  GraphQLInputObjectType,
+} from '../type/definition';
+
+import { valueFromAST } from './valueFromAST';
+
+type Options = {|
+  ...GraphQLSchemaValidationOptions,
+
+  /**
+   * Descriptions are defined as preceding string literals, however an older
+   * experimental version of the SDL supported preceding comments as
+   * descriptions. Set to true to enable this deprecated behavior.
+   * This option is provided to ease adoption and will be removed in v16.
+   *
+   * Default: false
+   */
+  commentDescriptions?: boolean,
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true to assume the SDL is valid.
+   *
+   * Default: false
+   */
+  assumeValidSDL?: boolean,
+|};
+
+/**
+ * Produces a new schema given an existing schema and a document which may
+ * contain GraphQL type extensions and definitions. The original schema will
+ * remain unaltered.
+ *
+ * Because a schema represents a graph of references, a schema cannot be
+ * extended without effectively making an entire copy. We do not know until it's
+ * too late if subgraphs remain unchanged.
+ *
+ * This algorithm copies the provided schema, applying extensions while
+ * producing the copy. The original schema remains unaltered.
+ *
+ * Accepts options as a third argument:
+ *
+ *    - commentDescriptions:
+ *        Provide true to use preceding comments as the description.
+ *
+ */
+export function extendSchema(
+  schema: GraphQLSchema,
+  documentAST: DocumentNode,
+  options?: Options,
+): GraphQLSchema {
+  assertSchema(schema);
+
+  devAssert(
+    documentAST != null && documentAST.kind === Kind.DOCUMENT,
+    'Must provide valid Document AST.',
+  );
+
+  if (options?.assumeValid !== true && options?.assumeValidSDL !== true) {
+    assertValidSDLExtension(documentAST, schema);
+  }
+
+  const schemaConfig = schema.toConfig();
+  const extendedConfig = extendSchemaImpl(schemaConfig, documentAST, options);
+  return schemaConfig === extendedConfig
+    ? schema
+    : new GraphQLSchema(extendedConfig);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function extendSchemaImpl(
+  schemaConfig: GraphQLSchemaNormalizedConfig,
+  documentAST: DocumentNode,
+  options?: Options,
+): GraphQLSchemaNormalizedConfig {
+  // Collect the type definitions and extensions found in the document.
+  const typeDefs: Array<TypeDefinitionNode> = [];
+  const typeExtensionsMap = Object.create(null);
+
+  // New directives and types are separate because a directives and types can
+  // have the same name. For example, a type named "skip".
+  const directiveDefs: Array<DirectiveDefinitionNode> = [];
+
+  let schemaDef: ?SchemaDefinitionNode;
+  // Schema extensions are collected which may add additional operation types.
+  const schemaExtensions: Array<SchemaExtensionNode> = [];
+
+  for (const def of documentAST.definitions) {
+    if (def.kind === Kind.SCHEMA_DEFINITION) {
+      schemaDef = def;
+    } else if (def.kind === Kind.SCHEMA_EXTENSION) {
+      schemaExtensions.push(def);
+    } else if (isTypeDefinitionNode(def)) {
+      typeDefs.push(def);
+    } else if (isTypeExtensionNode(def)) {
+      const extendedTypeName = def.name.value;
+      const existingTypeExtensions = typeExtensionsMap[extendedTypeName];
+      typeExtensionsMap[extendedTypeName] = existingTypeExtensions
+        ? existingTypeExtensions.concat([def])
+        : [def];
+    } else if (def.kind === Kind.DIRECTIVE_DEFINITION) {
+      directiveDefs.push(def);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If this document contains no new types, extensions, or directives then
+  // return the same unmodified GraphQLSchema instance.
+  if (
+    Object.keys(typeExtensionsMap).length === 0 &&
+    typeDefs.length === 0 &&
+    directiveDefs.length === 0 &&
+    schemaExtensions.length === 0 &&
+    schemaDef == null
+  ) {
+    return schemaConfig;
+  }
+
+  const typeMap = Object.create(null);
+  for (const existingType of schemaConfig.types) {
+    typeMap[existingType.name] = extendNamedType(existingType);
+  }
+
+  for (const typeNode of typeDefs) {
+    const name = typeNode.name.value;
+    typeMap[name] = stdTypeMap[name] ?? buildType(typeNode);
+  }
+
+  const operationTypes = {
+    // Get the extended root operation types.
+    query: schemaConfig.query && replaceNamedType(schemaConfig.query),
+    mutation: schemaConfig.mutation && replaceNamedType(schemaConfig.mutation),
+    subscription:
+      schemaConfig.subscription && replaceNamedType(schemaConfig.subscription),
+    // Then, incorporate schema definition and all schema extensions.
+    ...(schemaDef && getOperationTypes([schemaDef])),
+    ...getOperationTypes(schemaExtensions),
+  };
+
+  // Then produce and return a Schema config with these types.
+  return {
+    description: schemaDef?.description?.value,
+    ...operationTypes,
+    types: objectValues(typeMap),
+    directives: [
+      ...schemaConfig.directives.map(replaceDirective),
+      ...directiveDefs.map(buildDirective),
+    ],
+    extensions: undefined,
+    astNode: schemaDef ?? schemaConfig.astNode,
+    extensionASTNodes: schemaConfig.extensionASTNodes.concat(schemaExtensions),
+    assumeValid: options?.assumeValid ?? false,
+  };
+
+  // Below are functions used for producing this schema that have closed over
+  // this scope and have access to the schema, cache, and newly defined types.
+
+  function replaceType<T: GraphQLType>(type: T): T {
+    if (isListType(type)) {
+      // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-return]
+      return new GraphQLList(replaceType(type.ofType));
+    }
+    if (isNonNullType(type)) {
+      // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-return]
+      return new GraphQLNonNull(replaceType(type.ofType));
+    }
+    return replaceNamedType(type);
+  }
+
+  function replaceNamedType<T: GraphQLNamedType>(type: T): T {
+    // Note: While this could make early assertions to get the correctly
+    // typed values, that would throw immediately while type system
+    // validation with validateSchema() will produce more actionable results.
+    return ((typeMap[type.name]: any): T);
+  }
+
+  function replaceDirective(directive: GraphQLDirective): GraphQLDirective {
+    const config = directive.toConfig();
+    return new GraphQLDirective({
+      ...config,
+      args: mapValue(config.args, extendArg),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function extendNamedType(type: GraphQLNamedType): GraphQLNamedType {
+    if (isIntrospectionType(type) || isSpecifiedScalarType(type)) {
+      // Builtin types are not extended.
+      return type;
+    }
+    if (isScalarType(type)) {
+      return extendScalarType(type);
+    }
+    if (isObjectType(type)) {
+      return extendObjectType(type);
+    }
+    if (isInterfaceType(type)) {
+      return extendInterfaceType(type);
+    }
+    if (isUnionType(type)) {
+      return extendUnionType(type);
+    }
+    if (isEnumType(type)) {
+      return extendEnumType(type);
+    }
+    // istanbul ignore else (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2618')
+    if (isInputObjectType(type)) {
+      return extendInputObjectType(type);
+    }
+
+    // istanbul ignore next (Not reachable. All possible types have been considered)
+    invariant(false, 'Unexpected type: ' + inspect((type: empty)));
+  }
+
+  function extendInputObjectType(
+    type: GraphQLInputObjectType,
+  ): GraphQLInputObjectType {
+    const config = type.toConfig();
+    const extensions = typeExtensionsMap[config.name] ?? [];
+
+    return new GraphQLInputObjectType({
+      ...config,
+      fields: () => ({
+        ...mapValue(config.fields, (field) => ({
+          ...field,
+          type: replaceType(field.type),
+        })),
+        ...buildInputFieldMap(extensions),
+      }),
+      extensionASTNodes: config.extensionASTNodes.concat(extensions),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function extendEnumType(type: GraphQLEnumType): GraphQLEnumType {
+    const config = type.toConfig();
+    const extensions = typeExtensionsMap[type.name] ?? [];
+
+    return new GraphQLEnumType({
+      ...config,
+      values: {
+        ...config.values,
+        ...buildEnumValueMap(extensions),
+      },
+      extensionASTNodes: config.extensionASTNodes.concat(extensions),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function extendScalarType(type: GraphQLScalarType): GraphQLScalarType {
+    const config = type.toConfig();
+    const extensions = typeExtensionsMap[config.name] ?? [];
+
+    let specifiedByUrl = config.specifiedByUrl;
+    for (const extensionNode of extensions) {
+      specifiedByUrl = getSpecifiedByUrl(extensionNode) ?? specifiedByUrl;
+    }
+
+    return new GraphQLScalarType({
+      ...config,
+      specifiedByUrl,
+      extensionASTNodes: config.extensionASTNodes.concat(extensions),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function extendObjectType(type: GraphQLObjectType): GraphQLObjectType {
+    const config = type.toConfig();
+    const extensions = typeExtensionsMap[config.name] ?? [];
+
+    return new GraphQLObjectType({
+      ...config,
+      interfaces: () => [
+        ...type.getInterfaces().map(replaceNamedType),
+        ...buildInterfaces(extensions),
+      ],
+      fields: () => ({
+        ...mapValue(config.fields, extendField),
+        ...buildFieldMap(extensions),
+      }),
+      extensionASTNodes: config.extensionASTNodes.concat(extensions),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function extendInterfaceType(
+    type: GraphQLInterfaceType,
+  ): GraphQLInterfaceType {
+    const config = type.toConfig();
+    const extensions = typeExtensionsMap[config.name] ?? [];
+
+    return new GraphQLInterfaceType({
+      ...config,
+      interfaces: () => [
+        ...type.getInterfaces().map(replaceNamedType),
+        ...buildInterfaces(extensions),
+      ],
+      fields: () => ({
+        ...mapValue(config.fields, extendField),
+        ...buildFieldMap(extensions),
+      }),
+      extensionASTNodes: config.extensionASTNodes.concat(extensions),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function extendUnionType(type: GraphQLUnionType): GraphQLUnionType {
+    const config = type.toConfig();
+    const extensions = typeExtensionsMap[config.name] ?? [];
+
+    return new GraphQLUnionType({
+      ...config,
+      types: () => [
+        ...type.getTypes().map(replaceNamedType),
+        ...buildUnionTypes(extensions),
+      ],
+      extensionASTNodes: config.extensionASTNodes.concat(extensions),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function extendField(
+    field: GraphQLFieldConfig<mixed, mixed>,
+  ): GraphQLFieldConfig<mixed, mixed> {
+    return {
+      ...field,
+      type: replaceType(field.type),
+      // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-call]
+      args: mapValue(field.args, extendArg),
+    };
+  }
+
+  function extendArg(arg: GraphQLArgumentConfig) {
+    return {
+      ...arg,
+      type: replaceType(arg.type),
+    };
+  }
+
+  function getOperationTypes(
+    nodes: $ReadOnlyArray<SchemaDefinitionNode | SchemaExtensionNode>,
+  ): {|
+    query: ?GraphQLObjectType,
+    mutation: ?GraphQLObjectType,
+    subscription: ?GraphQLObjectType,
+  |} {
+    const opTypes = {};
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      // istanbul ignore next (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2203')
+      const operationTypesNodes = node.operationTypes ?? [];
+
+      for (const operationType of operationTypesNodes) {
+        opTypes[operationType.operation] = getNamedType(operationType.type);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Note: While this could make early assertions to get the correctly
+    // typed values below, that would throw immediately while type system
+    // validation with validateSchema() will produce more actionable results.
+    return (opTypes: any);
+  }
+
+  function getNamedType(node: NamedTypeNode): GraphQLNamedType {
+    const name = node.name.value;
+    const type = stdTypeMap[name] ?? typeMap[name];
+
+    if (type === undefined) {
+      throw new Error(`Unknown type: "${name}".`);
+    }
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  function getWrappedType(node: TypeNode): GraphQLType {
+    if (node.kind === Kind.LIST_TYPE) {
+      return new GraphQLList(getWrappedType(node.type));
+    }
+    if (node.kind === Kind.NON_NULL_TYPE) {
+      return new GraphQLNonNull(getWrappedType(node.type));
+    }
+    return getNamedType(node);
+  }
+
+  function buildDirective(node: DirectiveDefinitionNode): GraphQLDirective {
+    const locations = node.locations.map(
+      ({ value }) => ((value: any): DirectiveLocationEnum),
+    );
+
+    return new GraphQLDirective({
+      name: node.name.value,
+      description: getDescription(node, options),
+      locations,
+      isRepeatable: node.repeatable,
+      args: buildArgumentMap(node.arguments),
+      astNode: node,
+    });
+  }
+
+  function buildFieldMap(
+    nodes: $ReadOnlyArray<
+      | InterfaceTypeDefinitionNode
+      | InterfaceTypeExtensionNode
+      | ObjectTypeDefinitionNode
+      | ObjectTypeExtensionNode,
+    >,
+  ): GraphQLFieldConfigMap<mixed, mixed> {
+    const fieldConfigMap = Object.create(null);
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      // istanbul ignore next (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2203')
+      const nodeFields = node.fields ?? [];
+
+      for (const field of nodeFields) {
+        fieldConfigMap[field.name.value] = {
+          // Note: While this could make assertions to get the correctly typed
+          // value, that would throw immediately while type system validation
+          // with validateSchema() will produce more actionable results.
+          type: (getWrappedType(field.type): any),
+          description: getDescription(field, options),
+          args: buildArgumentMap(field.arguments),
+          deprecationReason: getDeprecationReason(field),
+          astNode: field,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    return fieldConfigMap;
+  }
+
+  function buildArgumentMap(
+    args: ?$ReadOnlyArray<InputValueDefinitionNode>,
+  ): GraphQLFieldConfigArgumentMap {
+    // istanbul ignore next (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2203')
+    const argsNodes = args ?? [];
+
+    const argConfigMap = Object.create(null);
+    for (const arg of argsNodes) {
+      // Note: While this could make assertions to get the correctly typed
+      // value, that would throw immediately while type system validation
+      // with validateSchema() will produce more actionable results.
+      const type: any = getWrappedType(arg.type);
+
+      argConfigMap[arg.name.value] = {
+        type,
+        description: getDescription(arg, options),
+        defaultValue: valueFromAST(arg.defaultValue, type),
+        deprecationReason: getDeprecationReason(arg),
+        astNode: arg,
+      };
+    }
+    return argConfigMap;
+  }
+
+  function buildInputFieldMap(
+    nodes: $ReadOnlyArray<
+      InputObjectTypeDefinitionNode | InputObjectTypeExtensionNode,
+    >,
+  ): GraphQLInputFieldConfigMap {
+    const inputFieldMap = Object.create(null);
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      // istanbul ignore next (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2203')
+      const fieldsNodes = node.fields ?? [];
+
+      for (const field of fieldsNodes) {
+        // Note: While this could make assertions to get the correctly typed
+        // value, that would throw immediately while type system validation
+        // with validateSchema() will produce more actionable results.
+        const type: any = getWrappedType(field.type);
+
+        inputFieldMap[field.name.value] = {
+          type,
+          description: getDescription(field, options),
+          defaultValue: valueFromAST(field.defaultValue, type),
+          deprecationReason: getDeprecationReason(field),
+          astNode: field,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    return inputFieldMap;
+  }
+
+  function buildEnumValueMap(
+    nodes: $ReadOnlyArray<EnumTypeDefinitionNode | EnumTypeExtensionNode>,
+  ): GraphQLEnumValueConfigMap {
+    const enumValueMap = Object.create(null);
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      // istanbul ignore next (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2203')
+      const valuesNodes = node.values ?? [];
+
+      for (const value of valuesNodes) {
+        enumValueMap[value.name.value] = {
+          description: getDescription(value, options),
+          deprecationReason: getDeprecationReason(value),
+          astNode: value,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    return enumValueMap;
+  }
+
+  function buildInterfaces(
+    nodes: $ReadOnlyArray<
+      | InterfaceTypeDefinitionNode
+      | InterfaceTypeExtensionNode
+      | ObjectTypeDefinitionNode
+      | ObjectTypeExtensionNode,
+    >,
+  ): Array<GraphQLInterfaceType> {
+    const interfaces = [];
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      // istanbul ignore next (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2203')
+      const interfacesNodes = node.interfaces ?? [];
+
+      for (const type of interfacesNodes) {
+        // Note: While this could make assertions to get the correctly typed
+        // values below, that would throw immediately while type system
+        // validation with validateSchema() will produce more actionable
+        // results.
+        interfaces.push((getNamedType(type): any));
+      }
+    }
+    return interfaces;
+  }
+
+  function buildUnionTypes(
+    nodes: $ReadOnlyArray<UnionTypeDefinitionNode | UnionTypeExtensionNode>,
+  ): Array<GraphQLObjectType> {
+    const types = [];
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      // istanbul ignore next (See: 'https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/2203')
+      const typeNodes = node.types ?? [];
+
+      for (const type of typeNodes) {
+        // Note: While this could make assertions to get the correctly typed
+        // values below, that would throw immediately while type system
+        // validation with validateSchema() will produce more actionable
+        // results.
+        types.push((getNamedType(type): any));
+      }
+    }
+    return types;
+  }
+
+  function buildType(astNode: TypeDefinitionNode): GraphQLNamedType {
+    const name = astNode.name.value;
+    const description = getDescription(astNode, options);
+    const extensionNodes = typeExtensionsMap[name] ?? [];
+
+    switch (astNode.kind) {
+      case Kind.OBJECT_TYPE_DEFINITION: {
+        const extensionASTNodes = (extensionNodes: any);
+        const allNodes = [astNode, ...extensionASTNodes];
+
+        return new GraphQLObjectType({
+          name,
+          description,
+          interfaces: () => buildInterfaces(allNodes),
+          fields: () => buildFieldMap(allNodes),
+          astNode,
+          extensionASTNodes,
+        });
+      }
+      case Kind.INTERFACE_TYPE_DEFINITION: {
+        const extensionASTNodes = (extensionNodes: any);
+        const allNodes = [astNode, ...extensionASTNodes];
+
+        return new GraphQLInterfaceType({
+          name,
+          description,
+          interfaces: () => buildInterfaces(allNodes),
+          fields: () => buildFieldMap(allNodes),
+          astNode,
+          extensionASTNodes,
+        });
+      }
+      case Kind.ENUM_TYPE_DEFINITION: {
+        const extensionASTNodes = (extensionNodes: any);
+        const allNodes = [astNode, ...extensionASTNodes];
+
+        return new GraphQLEnumType({
+          name,
+          description,
+          values: buildEnumValueMap(allNodes),
+          astNode,
+          extensionASTNodes,
+        });
+      }
+      case Kind.UNION_TYPE_DEFINITION: {
+        const extensionASTNodes = (extensionNodes: any);
+        const allNodes = [astNode, ...extensionASTNodes];
+
+        return new GraphQLUnionType({
+          name,
+          description,
+          types: () => buildUnionTypes(allNodes),
+          astNode,
+          extensionASTNodes,
+        });
+      }
+      case Kind.SCALAR_TYPE_DEFINITION: {
+        const extensionASTNodes = (extensionNodes: any);
+
+        return new GraphQLScalarType({
+          name,
+          description,
+          specifiedByUrl: getSpecifiedByUrl(astNode),
+          astNode,
+          extensionASTNodes,
+        });
+      }
+      case Kind.INPUT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEFINITION: {
+        const extensionASTNodes = (extensionNodes: any);
+        const allNodes = [astNode, ...extensionASTNodes];
+
+        return new GraphQLInputObjectType({
+          name,
+          description,
+          fields: () => buildInputFieldMap(allNodes),
+          astNode,
+          extensionASTNodes,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // istanbul ignore next (Not reachable. All possible type definition nodes have been considered)
+    invariant(
+      false,
+      'Unexpected type definition node: ' + inspect((astNode: empty)),
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+const stdTypeMap = keyMap(
+  specifiedScalarTypes.concat(introspectionTypes),
+  (type) => type.name,
+);
+
+/**
+ * Given a field or enum value node, returns the string value for the
+ * deprecation reason.
+ */
+function getDeprecationReason(
+  node:
+    | EnumValueDefinitionNode
+    | FieldDefinitionNode
+    | InputValueDefinitionNode,
+): ?string {
+  const deprecated = getDirectiveValues(GraphQLDeprecatedDirective, node);
+  return (deprecated?.reason: any);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Given a scalar node, returns the string value for the specifiedByUrl.
+ */
+function getSpecifiedByUrl(
+  node: ScalarTypeDefinitionNode | ScalarTypeExtensionNode,
+): ?string {
+  const specifiedBy = getDirectiveValues(GraphQLSpecifiedByDirective, node);
+  return (specifiedBy?.url: any);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Given an ast node, returns its string description.
+ * @deprecated: provided to ease adoption and will be removed in v16.
+ *
+ * Accepts options as a second argument:
+ *
+ *    - commentDescriptions:
+ *        Provide true to use preceding comments as the description.
+ *
+ */
+export function getDescription(
+  node: { +description?: StringValueNode, +loc?: Location, ... },
+  options: ?{ commentDescriptions?: boolean, ... },
+): void | string {
+  if (node.description) {
+    return node.description.value;
+  }
+  if (options?.commentDescriptions === true) {
+    const rawValue = getLeadingCommentBlock(node);
+    if (rawValue !== undefined) {
+      return dedentBlockStringValue('\n' + rawValue);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function getLeadingCommentBlock(node): void | string {
+  const loc = node.loc;
+  if (!loc) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const comments = [];
+  let token = loc.startToken.prev;
+  while (
+    token != null &&
+    token.kind === TokenKind.COMMENT &&
+    token.next &&
+    token.prev &&
+    token.line + 1 === token.next.line &&
+    token.line !== token.prev.line
+  ) {
+    const value = String(token.value);
+    comments.push(value);
+    token = token.prev;
+  }
+  return comments.length > 0 ? comments.reverse().join('\n') : undefined;
+}